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Showing posts with label pdf download. Show all posts
Showing posts with label pdf download. Show all posts

Tuesday, 24 September 2013

How to Ride a Horse | Benefits of Horse Riding | Safety tips | PDF Download

As a human being, we always fear doing new things although there is some adventure in it. Horse riding is one of them, people generally feel bit of nervousness dealing with it. Horses aren't always that big, are they? But do not give up. You can conquer your fear and ride that horse! Well today, we will teach you how to ride a horse out of your curiosity.

 

 

Things You Need For Horse Riding

• A well trained horse or pony
• Well fitting tack
• An enclosed area in which to ride
• Someone to lead the horse, if you wish
• Halter and Lead rope (if you are being lead)
• Someone to help you get on
• Common sense to keep you safe
• Your parents
• A helmet
• A body protector
• Sturdy tennis shoes or, preferably, boots

 

Things To Do Beforehand

    1. Make sure your horse is fully trained.
    2. Ask the horse's owner before riding it. If they say yes, pat the horse and maybe even feed him a treat. You may also be able to groom him and this will create a bond between the two of you.
    3. Warm up your legs and your horse properly. Spend 10-15 minutes walking and trotting energetically around in 2 point or jumping position. Make sure your heels are down and envision your legs wrapping around the horse's barrel like a belt. Mix up your periods of 2 point position with regular posting, double posting (up for 2, sit for 2), or even triple posting if you like (up for 3, sit for 2). Also, remember to vary your path: serpentines, changes of direction, circles, figure 8s, etc. This keeps your horse's mind on work.
    4. When you're ready, gather up your confidence. Now, you're ready to get on.
    5. If you are small or afraid of heights, you may want to ride a pony (small horse).
    6. If you're small or not very strong, have an adult lift you up. If you are bigger, get on.
    7. Adjust your stirrups, if necessary.
    8. If you get on the horse, and you are terrified, make sure to let an adult know. Just don't make any loud noises that might frighten the horse.
    9. When you're ready, tell the owner or person holding the lead rope that you're ready to go.
    10. Cross your right stirrup over the front of the saddle followed by the left. Do it in this order in case you need to get back on at any point (getting on with the left stirrup).
    11. It is always easier to ride western, because the saddle is comfier, and there is a saddle horn for security.
    12. Be sure that your safety gear fits correctly. If your helmet is too big, it isn't even worth wearing one.
    13. Hold on and have fun!
    14. Do not scream of make sudden movements near the horse. Even a very well trained horse may spook.

FULL ARTICLE about Horse Riding :

 

Safety Tips

    1. Horses are sensitive animals. Always make sure you are relaxed and calm around them, so as not to make them feel nervous.
    2. When you are trotting during horse riding, keep track of where your feet are. If they are under you, that is fine. Try recognizing the beat of your gait by calling out these: walk - 1 2 3 4 trot - 121212 canter - 1 2 3
    3. Never scream on a horses back, even if he gets nervous and starts to trot, don't panic, because the more pressure you put on the horse, the more scared you will make him.
    4. If this is your first time riding, never try bareback. A lot of people think that bareback should be their first ride so they can feel the horse underneath them first. Wrong. The saddle is always there for your comfort and protection, and its always safe. Try a bareback session after you ride with a saddle.
    5. Always wear long pants when riding.
    6. Never sit or kneel near a horse.
    7. Try to always mount from the left side or near side. Horses are usually trained most on this side, but a well trained horse should be handled on both sides equally.
    8. Don't run up to a horse, you can come up behind it but make sure the horse knows you're there and be cautious, you can pat him on his rump and say "whoa" or "easy boy" so he knows you are there! Always move to his shoulder and always talk to him so he knows your coming closer.
    9. Always wear riding boots that have a a flat sole with a slight heel.
    10. Always wear a safety helmet for your protection with the correct standard for horse riding. Move with the horse when it moves.


Benefits of Horse Riding

    1. Horse riding and activities associated with horse riding are classed as moderate intensity exercises.
    2. Horse riding stimulates mainly positive psychological feelings.
    3. Horse riders are strongly motivated to take part in riding by the sense of well-being they gain from interacting with horses.
    4. Being outdoors and in contact with nature is an important motivation for the vast majority of horse riders.
    5. Amongst the horse riders who took part in the survey, 39 percent had taken no other form of physical activity in the last four weeks. This highlights the importance of riding to these people, who might otherwise be sedentary.


Hope you like our article on horse riding. Don't forget sharing with your friends


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Monday, 3 June 2013

Keyboard Shortcuts Full List | IE & MMC Shortcuts | PDF Download


What are Keyboard Shortcuts ?

In computing, a keyboard shortcut is a finite set of one or more keys that invoke a software or operating system operation when triggered by the user. A meaning of term “keyboard shortcut” can vary depending on software manufacturer. For instance, Microsoft differentiates keyboard shortcuts from hotkeys (mnemonics) whereby the former consists of a specific key combination used to trigger an action, and the latter represents a designated letter in a menu command or toolbar button that when pressed together with the Alt key, activates such command.

Keyboard Shortcuts (Microsoft Windows)

1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11. CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12. CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13. CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15. CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents open simultaneou­sly)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a sub-menu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a sub-menu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box – Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10. F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11. BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)

Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts

1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restore the minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
13. Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
14. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch Filter-Keys either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
16. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the Mouse-Keys either on or off)
17. SHIFT five times (Switch the Sticky-Keys either on or off)
18. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the Toggle-Keys either on or off)
19. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
20. Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
21. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
22. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
23. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the sub-folders that are under the selected folder)
24. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
25. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
26. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
27. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first sub-folder)

Shortcut Keys for Character Map

After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:
1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the right or to the beginning of the next line)
2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left or to the end of the previous line)
3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
8. END (Move to the end of the line)
9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC) Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)

MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)

Remote Desktop Connection Navigation

1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place a snapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts

1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web page)
11. CTRL+W (Close the current window)
Keyboard Shortcuts Full List :


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Sunday, 26 May 2013

[History] Life of Napoleon Bonaparte | Quotes by Napoleon | Download Life Facts in PDF



Who was Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte was a French military and political leader who rose to prominence during the latter stages of the French Revolution and its associated wars in Europe. Napoleon Bonaparte rose from obscurity to becomeNapoleon I, Emperor of France and became one of the greatest Military Commanders in history. Napoleon’s crushed one enemy after another until he seemed invincible. For 20 years, many European nations fought against him. He conquered much of Europe. He is both a historical figure and a legend.Early life.Napoleon Bonaparte was born on 15 August 1769 in Corsica into a gentry’s family. He completed his education in military school, so rapidly promoted and in 1796 was made Commander of French Army in Italy, where he forced Austria and its allies to make peace. In 1798, he conquered Ottoman-ruled Egypt in an attempt to strike at British trade routers with India. He was stranded when the British at the Battle of the Nile destroyed his fleet.

Napoleon I, was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime (old system). Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time, and his campaigns are studied at military academies worldwide.
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Napoleon I, was Emperor of the French from 1804 to 1815. His legal reform, the Napoleonic Code, has been a major influence on many civil law jurisdictions worldwide, but he is best remembered for his role in the wars led against France by a series of coalitions, the so-called Napoleonic Wars. He established hegemony over most of continental Europe and sought to spread the ideals of the French Revolution, while consolidating an imperial monarchy which restored aspects of the deposed Ancien Régime (old system). Due to his success in these wars, often against numerically superior enemies, he is generally regarded as one of the greatest military commanders of all time, and his campaigns are studied at military academies worldwide.
READ MORE >>

Some Milestones from History

    1. 1793 – Important role played in the French defeat of the British at Toulon, for which he was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General.
    2. 1799 – Overthrew the French Government and became first consul of the provisional government.
    3. 1804 – Established France as an Empire with himself as the Emperor.
    4. 1805 – Led French troops to victory over the Austrian and Russian armies in Austerlitz (now in Czech Republic).
    5. 1808 – Invaded Spain and proclaimed his brother Joseph, the king, touching off the six year long Peninsular war.
    6. 1812 – Invaded Russia, but was forced to retreat after losing more than four-fifths of his army.
    7. 1814 – Was forced to abdicate unconditionally after a coalition of European countries captured Paris, was exiled to the island of the Elba.
    8. 1815 – Returned to Paris after escaping from Elba and again declared himself the emperor.
    9. 1815 – Was defeated during the final battle at Waterloo.
    10. 1815 – Abdicated second time and was exiled to the island of Saint Helena.
Excerpt taken from Larger Than Life by Sushil Handa.


Famous 100+ Quotes by Napoleon Bonaparte : 


Some Interesting Facts from His life



    1. 1. Napoleon killed over a thousand people with a cough. In 1799 he was deciding whether to release 1,200 Turkish prisoners of war when he coughed and said, “Ma sacre tough!” (my darned cough) which sounded to officers like “Massacrez tour!” (Kill them all!). So they did.
      2. He was granted sovereignty over the island of Elba during his first exile
      3. He repeatedly defeated military forces superior in size to his own.
      4. He maintained many of the Egalitarian principles of the French revolution including equality before the law and freedom of religion.
      5. He created French Satellite of kingdoms in Holland, Italy, Germany, Spain etc and placed his brothers and other relatives on their thrones.
      6. In 1812 , he assembled largest army yet seen in Europe.
      7. In a tradition called for the Pope to crown to the Emperor, he took the crown from Pop Pius VII’s hands and placed it on his own head.

    Download Full Life History : 

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    Monday, 8 April 2013

    What is 2PDA | PushDown Automata | PDF Download


    What is PDA

    In computer science, a pushdown automaton (PDA) is a type of automaton that employs a stack.
    The PDA is used in theories about what can be computed by machines. It is more capable than a finite-state machine but less capable than a Turing machine. Because its input can be described with a formal grammar, it can be used in parser design. The deterministic pushdown automaton can handle all deterministic context-free languages while the non-deterministic version can handle all context-free languages.
    The term “pushdown” refers to the fact that the stack can be regarded as being “pushed down” like a tray dispenser at a cafeteria, since the operations never work on elements other than the top element. A stack automaton, by contrast, does allow access to and operations on deeper elements. Stack automata can recognize a strictly larger set of languages than deterministic pushdown automata.[citation needed] A nested stack automaton allows full access, and also allows stacked values to be entire sub-stacks rather than just single finite symbols.
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    What is 2PDA

    Formal Definition of Two-Stack Push Down Automaton
    is two-stack pushdown automaton to be a sextuple
    M = (K, Σ, Γ, Δ, s, F)
    K is a finite set of states,
    Σ is an alphabet (the input symbols),
    Γ is an alphabet (the stack symbols),
    s belongs to K is the initial state,
    F is subset of K is the set of final states, and
    Δ, the transition relation, is a finite subset of (K x (Σ U {e}) x Γ* x Γ*) x (K x Γ* x Γ*), where the third parameter pops the first stack, the fourth parameter pops the second stack, the fifth parameter pushes a symbol onto the first stack, and the sixth parameter pushes a symbol onto the second stack.
    2PDA :  [PDF]

    Relation of Two-Stack PDA to Chomsky Hierarchy

    In order to discuss where a two-stack PDA falls into the Chomsky Hierarchy, it is important to first explore its relation to a Turing Machine. Every two-stack PDA can be represented by a Turing Machine. To see this divide the Turing Machine’s tape into three areas, the first area corresponds to the input string of the PDA, the second area corresponds to the first stack’s contents, and the third area corresponds to the second stack’s contents.
    A push to the first or second stack is accomplished by the Turing Machine instruction that inserts the symbol being pushed to the cell that represents the top of the stack in the appropriate region.
    A pop to the first or second stack is accomplished by the Turing Machine instruction that reads the cell corresponding to the top of the stack in the appropriate region and then deletes that symbol, making sure to shift left all the cells that follow it.
    A reading of the input string in the two-stack PDA is accomplished by the Turing Machine instruction that reads the symbol at a cell on the Turing Machine’s region of the tape that represents the input string of the PDA and then overwriting it with a ‘b’ (the blank symbol).
    Thus using this algorithm, every two-stack PDA can be converted into a Turing Machine. There also exists an algorithm to convert every Turing Machine into a two-stack PDA. The two stacks are used to represent what is before and after the read head on the Turing Machine’s tape. When the Turing Machine’s head moves to the left or right, the two-stack PDA shifts symbols from the first stack to the second stack and vice versa. Thus every Turing Machine can be represented by a two-stack PDA. Since every Turing Machine can be represented by a two-stack PDA and every two-stack PDA can be represented by a Turing Machine, the two are equal.
    From the fact that two-stack PDA’s are essentially Turing Machines, it falls into the same place on the Chomsky hierarchy as Turing Machines. That means it can solve all problems that are solvable by a Turing Machine. From the Church-Turing thesis, we know that each Turing Machine is essentially an algorithm. Since every two-stack PDA is essentially a Turing Machine, it must be an algorithm also. Also, we know that a non-deterministic two-stack PDA is no more powerful than a deterministic PDA, because non-deterministic Turing Machines are no more powerful than deterministic Turing Machines. They may be able to calculate something more efficiently, but they are not more powerful.

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