[PDF] CLT20 Schedule 2014 | Champions League T20 Squads and History

Champions League Twenty20 [CLT20] is an initiative of the BCCI, Cricket Australia and Cricket South Africa that brings together the best domestic clubs from across the world in a  battle for Twenty20 honours. CLT20 can be viewed as the World Cup of club cricket. It is a platform  for domestic/club players, preparing them for the next step –  representing, or performing even better for, their countries.

The Champions League Twenty20, also referred to as the CLT20, is an annual international T20 cricket competition played between the top domestic teams from major cricketing nations. The competition was launched in 2008 with the first edition held in October 2009. Some players are part of more than one team, which is winner of particular country's domestic competition, like wise Shoaib Malik from Pakistan, represented three different teams from different domestic circuits. In this case, if a player is selected to play for an ‘away’ team rather than his  ‘home’ team (the team from the country he is eligible to represent in international cricket), the ‘away’ team must pay USD 150,000 as release fee to the ‘home’ team. ‘Away’ teams are not eligible for compensation if a player chooses to play for his ‘home’ team.

 

History of CLT20

The inaugural competition featured 12 sides from seven nations and was held in October 2009 in India. New South Wales Blues, Australia emerged winners of the tournament. In 2010, CLT20 moved to South Africa where 10 sides from six nations locked horns at four venues. IPL 2010 winners Chennai Super Kings reigned supreme after a fortnight of top notch competition. Year 2011 saw CLT20 returning to India with a pre-tournament qualifier making it possible for more teams than ever to be part of the race for the title. Six teams faced off in a qualifier out of which the three proceeded to join seven already confirmed teams, making it a 10-team tournament. For the second year in a row an IPL team, Mumbai Indians, were crowned champion of champions.

In 2012, the Sydney Sixers were crowned the new CLT20 champions in Johannesburg, South Africa. In the title clash at the New Wanderers Stadium, the Sixers defeated the Highveld Lions to take home the magnificent CLT20 trophy. For its 2013 season, the CLT20 once again returned to India. Eight teams – three IPL teams, including Mumbai Indians, two teams each from South Africa, Australia and Trinidad & Tobago – given straight entry into the main tournament. Four teams – one each from Sri Lanka, New Zealand, India and Pakistan – competed in the pre-tournament Qualifiers of which the top two entered the league phase.

Year  Hosted By  Winner                 Runner-up

2009  India      New South Wales Blues  Trinidad and Tobago
2010  SA         Chennai Super Kings    South Africa Warriors
2011  India      Mumbai Indians         RCB
2012  SA         Sydney Sixers          Highveld Lions
2013  India      Mumbai Indians         Rajasthan Royals
2014  India 

 

Champions League T20 in 2014

CLT20 is back in September 2014, with its 6th edition. This time again it is hosted by India, where four venues for the tournament are Mohali, Bengaluru, Hyderabad and Raipur. All the Qualifying Stage matches are to be played in Raipur from September 13 to 16. The Semi finals will be played in Hyderabad on October 2, 2014. The Final will be hosted by Bengaluru on October 4, 2014. 

There are two groups - Group A that consists of Kolkata Knight Riders (India), Sunfoil Dolphins (South Africa), Perth Scorchers (Australia), Chennai Super Kings (India) and one of the Qualifiers. Group B consists of Kings XI Punjab (India), Hobart Hurricanes (Australia), Cape Cobras (South Africa), Barbados Tridents and one of the qualifiers. The Qualifying stage consists of four teams from Pakistan, New Zealand, Sri Lanka and India [Mumbai Indians].

 Teams in Qualifying Stage

Qualifier 1    Lahore Lions (Pakistan) 

Qualifier 2    Mumbai Indians (India) 

Qualifier 3    Northern Knights (New Zealand) 

Qualifier 4    Southern Express (Sri Lanka)

Rules for Qualifiers Teams 

1. Q1 and Q3 will enter Group A on qualifying for the Group Stage. 
2. While Q2 and Q4 will enter Group B on qualifying for the Group Stage. 
3. If both Q1 & Q3 qualify for Group Stage then Q1 will enter Group A & Q3 in Group B. 
4. If both the Q2 and Q4 reach Group stage then Q2 will enter Group B and Q4 will enter Group A.

Group A                         Group B 
 
Kolkata Knight Riders (India)   Kings XI Punjab (India)
Dolphins (South Africa)         Barbados Tridents (West Indies)
Perth Scorchers (Australia)     Hobart Hurricanes (Australia)
Chennai Super Kings (India)     Cape Cobras (South Africa)
One team from the Qualifiers    One team from the Qualifiers

 

Schedule of Qualifying Stage Matches

M No.   Date       Team                                   Time      Venue

1       Sept 13    Northern Knights vs Southern Express   4:00 PM   Raipur
2       Sept 13    Mumbai Indians vs Lahore Lions         8:00 PM   Raipur 
3       Sept 14    Northern Knights vs Lahore Lions       4:00 PM   Raipur
4       Sept 14    Mumbai Indians vs Southern Express     8:00 PM   Raipur
5       Sept 16    Southern Express vs Lahore Lions       4:00 PM   Raipur
6       Sept 16    Mumbai Indians vs Northern Knights     8:00 PM   Raipur

Schedule of Group Stage Matches

1       Sept 17    KKR vs CSK                             8:00 PM   Hyderabad
2       Sept 18    KXIP vs Hobart Hurricanes              8:00 PM   Mohali 
3       Sept 19    Cape Cobras vs TBD                     8:00 PM   Raipur
4       Sept 20    Dolphins vs Perth Scorchers            4:00 PM   Mohali   
5       Sept 20    Kings XI Punjab vs  TBD                8:00 PM   Mohali
6       Sept 21    Cape Cobras vs Hobart Hurricanes       4:00 PM   Hyderabad
7       Sept 21    Kolkata Knight Riders vs TBD           8:00 PM   Hyderabad
8       Sept 22    Dolphins vs Chennai Super Kings        8:00 PM   Bengaluru
9       Sept 23    Hobart Hurricanes vs TBD               8:00 PM   Raipur
10      Sept 24    KKR vs Perth Scorchers                 8:00 PM   Hyderabad
11      Sept 25    Chennai Super Kings vs TBD             8:00 PM   Bengaluru
12      Sept 26    Cape Cobras vs  TBD                    4:00 PM   Mohali
13      Sept 26    Kings XI Punjab vs TBD                 8:00 PM   Mohali
14      Sept 27    Dolphins vs TBD                        4:00 PM   Bengaluru
15      Sept 27    Perth Scorchers vs CSK                 8:00 PM   Bengaluru
16      Sept 28    Hobart Hurricanes vs  TBD              4:00 PM   Mohali
17      Sept 28    Kings XI Punjab vs Cape Cobras         8:00 PM   Mohali
18      Sept 29    KKR vs Dolphins                        8:00 PM   Hyderabad
19      Sept 30    Perth Scorchers vs TBD                 4:00 PM   Bengaluru
20      Sept 30    TBD  vs  TBD                           8:00 PM   Bengaluru

Schedule of Knockout Stage Matches

SF 1    Oct 2     A1 vs B2                                4:00 PM   Hyderabad
SF 2    Oct 2     B1 vs A2                                8:00 PM   Hyderabad 
Final   Oct 4     TBD vs TBD                              8:00 PM   Begaluru

Download Full CLT20 Schedule in PDF : Click Here

Download Full World Cup Cricket 2015 Schedule : Click Here 

 

Squads for CLT20 2014

Chennai Super Kings : MS Dhoni, Suresh Raina, Ashish Nehra, Mithun Manhas, R. Ashwin, Ishwar Pandey, Pawan Negi, Ravindra Jadeja, Mohit Sharma, Dwayne Smith, Dwayne Bravo, John Hastings, Brendon McCullum, Samuel Badree, Francois Du Plessis

Kolkata Knight Riders : Gautam Gambhir, Yusuf Pathan, Robin Uthappa, Piyush Chawla, Ranganath Vinay Kumar, Umesh Yadav, Manish Pandey, Suryakumar Yadav, Kuldeep Yadav, Sunil Narine, Jacques Kallis, Ryan Ten Doeschate, Manvinder Bisla [in place of Morne Morkel], Patrick Cummins, Andre Russell

Northern Knights : Ish Sodhi, Jono Boult, Brad Wilson, Kane Williamson, Daniel Flynn, BJ Watling, Graeme Aldridge, Anton Devcich, Tim Southee, Scott Kuggeleijn, Daryl Mitchell, Daniel Harris, Scott Styris, Trent Boult, Mitchell Santner [in place of Daniel Vettori]

Perth Scorchers : Ashton Agar, Yasir Arafat, Michael Beer, Cameron Bancroft, Jason Behrendorff, Hilton Cartwright, Nathan Coulter-Nile, Brad Hogg, Simon Mackin, Mitchell Marsh, Joel Paris, Craig Simmons, Ashton Turner, Adam Voges, Sam Whiteman

Kings XI Punjab : George Bailey, Thisara Perera, Mitchell Johnson, Glenn Maxwell, David Miller, Akshar Rajesh Patel, Karanveer Singh, Lakshmipathy Balaji, Manan Vohra, Mandeep Singh, Rishi Dhawan, Virender Sehwag, Wriddhiman Saha, Anureet Singh, Parvinder Awana

Mumbai Indians : Harbhajan Singh, Ambati Rayudu, Pragyan Ojha, Praveen Kumar, Aditya Tare, Jalaj Saxena, Jasprit Bumrah, Shreyas Gopal, Mike Hussey, Kieron Pollard, Corey Anderson, Lasith Malinga, Marchant De Lange, Lendl Simmons, Replacement yet to be announced [in place of Rohit Sharma]

Southern Express : Kusal Janith Perera, Danushka Gunatilake, Angelo Perera, Jehan Mubarak, Niroshan Dickwella, Dilruwan Perara, Prasanna Seekuge, Ishan Jayaratne, Farvees Maharoof, Kasun Madushanka, Yasoda Lanka, Charith Jayampathi, Sachith Pathirana, Sandaken Lakshen, Dilshan T.M

Cape Cobras : Hashim Amla, J P Duminy, Justin Kemp, Rory Kleinveldt, Charl Langeveldt, Richard Levi, Aviwe Mgijima, Justin Ontong, Robin Peterson, Vernon Philander, Dane Piedt, Zakhele Qwabe, Omphile Ramela, Stiaan Van Zyl, Dane Vilas

Lahore Lions : Mohammed Hafeez, Ahmad Shahzad, Umar Siddique Khan, Muhammad Umar Akmal, Nasir Jamshaid, Muhammad Salman Ali, Asif Raza, Muhammad Mustafa Iqbal, Wahab Riaz, Aizaz Bin Ilyas Cheema, Imran Ali, Saad Naseem, Adnan Rasool, Muhammad Saeed, Ali Manzoor

Hobart Hurricanes : Tim Paine, Jon Wells, Evan Gulbis, Xavier Doherty, Ben Hilfenhaus, Dom Michael, Sam Rainbird, Travis Birt, Doug Bollinger, Aiden Blizzard, Cameron Boyce, Joe Mennie, Ben Laughlin, Ben Dunk, Shoaib Malik

Sunfoil Dolphins : Daryn Smit, Daryn Miles Dupavillon, Cody Chetty, Vaughn Bernard Van Jaarsveld, Khayelihle Zondo, Robert Frylinck, Morne Nico Van Wyk, Kyle John Abbott, Craig John Alexander, Jonathan David Vandiar, Keshav Athmanand Maharaj, Prenelan Subrayen, Cameron Scott Delport, Andile Lucky Phehlukwayo, Bongumusa Sibonelo Makhanya

Barbados Tridents : Shane Dowrich, Jeevan Mendis, Jason Holder, Ashley Nurse, Jonathan Carter, Neil Mckenzie, Akeal Hosein, Ravi Rampaul, Rayad Emrit, Raymon Reifer, Kyle Mayers, William Perkins, James Franklin, Elton Chigumbura, Dilshan Munaweera

--- Captains

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What is Ice Bucket Challenge | Facts About ALS | Celebrity Ice Bucket Videos

What is the ice bucket challenge ?

The internet has gone viral with videos of celebrities and other popular personalities taking the "Ice Bucket challenge" and daring three others to do the same. As per Wikipedia Ice Bucket Challenge is also called the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, is an activity involving dumping a bucket of ice water on one's head or donating to the ALS Association in the United States. It went viral throughout social media during the Northern Hemisphere summer of 2014. There are hundreds of videos on Facebook and Twitter of people dousing themselves in chilly water. Celebrities including Brian Vickers, Satya Nadella, Britney Spears, Martha Stewart, Steven Spielberg, Kobe Bryant and Justin Timberlake have taken part.

It's an effort to raise awareness of ALS where participants must dump a bucket of ice cold water and then dare someone to do the same. If they can't, the alternative is to donate $100 to the ALS association. Since the challenge has gone viral, a number of variations have popped up. But it typically goes something like this: If someone challenges you, you have 24 hours to donate $100 to the ALS Association or make a video of ice water being poured over your head and post it on social media. Many people do both, and some contribute much more. Participants are encouraged to pass the challenge on to others via social media.

 

What is ALS ?

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is also referred to as Lou Gehrig's Disease. It is a progressive neuro-degenerative disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. ALS is thought to be affect 2 people every 1 lakh of the global population.

1. About 20% people with ALS live 5 years or more.
2. Up to 10% live more than 10 years.
3. About 5% live up to 20 years after diagnosis. 

 

Facts About ALS

1.  There si no cure for ALS.
2. ALS most commonly strike the age group of 40 to 70.
3. ALS occurs throughout the world with no racial, ethnic or socioeconomic boundaries.
4. Lou Gehrig died in 1941 at the age of 37, just two years after he was diagnosed with ALS and retired from baseball.
5. ALS is not contagious.
6. Approximately 5,600 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with ALS each year. The incidence of ALS is two per 100,000 people, and it is estimated that as many as 30,000 Americans may have the disease at any given time.
7. ALS can strike anyone.
8. The onset of ALS is insidious with muscle weakness or stiffness as early symptoms. Progression of weakness, wasting and paralysis of the muscles of the limbs and trunk as well as those that control vital functions such as speech, swallowing and later breathing generally follows.
9. Riluzole, the first treatment to alter the course of ALS, was approved by the FDA in late 1995. This antiglutamate drug was shown scientifically to prolong the life of persons with ALS by at least a few months. More recent studies suggest Riluzole slows the progress of ALS, allowing the patient more time in the higher functioning states when their function is less affected by ALS. Please don't take medicine without prescription of Doctor.

 

Download ALS Factsheet : Click Here [PDF]

Download ALS Factsheet : Click Here [JPG]

 

How did it start ?

The ice bucket challenge went viral on social media after a US baseball player and ALS patient, Pete Frates, floated the idea of the challenge in a video on a social networking site. He got the idea from a friend. After that, more than 1.2 million videos were shared on Facebook between June 1 and August 13. The challenge was mentioned more than 2.2 million times on Twitter since July 29, after Frates' appeal.

 

The funds collected ?

According to the ALS website, it has so far received nearly $23 million as of Tuesday, Aug. 19. The money is used to provide assistance to patients who have been diagnosed with ALS as well as to fund research for new ways to treat and ultimately cure the degenerative disease.

 

Some Celebrity Videos of Ice Bucket Challenge 

Cristiano Ronaldo : Click Here 

Lady Gaga : Click Here

Mark Zuckerberg : Click Here

Sateya Nadella : Click Here

Bill Gates : Click Here

Britney Spears : Click Here

>> Just In : 20|8|2014,  the co-founder of the ice bucket challenge has drowned, aged 27 ... Read More

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Punjab Roadways Recruitment 2014 | PunBus Vacancies 2700 Drivers and Conductors

At the very start we want to make it clear that PRTC and PunBus are totally different. The below mentioned vacancies are in PunBus not in PRTC. 

Punjab Roadways invites Online Applications from Indian nationals for filling up of  the 2700 vacancies of Driver, Conductor & Junior Technician posts in various trades on contract basis. Interested Candidates may apply online through official website on or before 05th September, 2014. 

Punjab Roadways Recruitment complete vacancy details :

Number of vacancies : 2700

Name of Posts :  

1. Driver : 1250 Posts 
2. Conductor : 1250 Posts
3. Junior Technician : 200 Posts 

• Mechanic : 100 Posts
• Electrician : 25 Posts
• Painter : 25 Posts
• Welder : 25 Posts
• Black Smith : 25 Posts

 

Eligibility Criteria :

Age Limit :

1. For Driver posts : Candidates age should be between 25 years to 45 years. 
2. For remaining posts : Candidates age should be between 18 years to 38 years. 

Educational Qualification : 

1. For Driver : Must be Class 8th pass out. 
2. For Conductor : Must be Class 10th pass out.
3. For Jr. Technician : Matriculation or equivalent, I.T.I  certificate in relevant trade. 

 

Application Fee :  

1. General and OBC Candidates : Rs. 1000/-
2. SC/ST Candidates : Rs. 250/-
3. Physically Handicapped candidates : Rs. 500/-
4. Military Candidates : Rs. 200/-

 

Selection Process :  

Selection will be done on the basis of performance in written test, Skill test and Interview.

 

How to Apply : 

Interested Candidates are required to fill online application form through the official website . link for submission of form will be disable on 05th September, 2014. 

 

Important dates :

1. Commencement date for Online registration : 06-08-2014.
2. Last date for online registration : 05-09-2014 

Official Notification : Click Here

Apply Online : Click Here

Study Material and Syllabus : Click Here [More Vacancies]

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FAQs About NEFT | Basic Information About NEFT Process

If you have tried transferring money electronically to an individual or an account, you would’ve come across the terms NEFT, RTGS and IMPS. Most of us are not really aware of the difference between the various models and on what occasions they have to be used.

Q1. What is NEFT?

Ans : National Electronic Funds Transfer (NEFT) is a nation-wide payment system facilitating one-to-one funds transfer. Under this Scheme, individuals, firms and corporates can electronically transfer funds from any bank branch to any individual, firm or corporate having an account with any other bank branch in the country participating in the Scheme.

Inter Bank Transfer enables electronic transfer of funds from the account of the re-emitter in one Bank to the account of the beneficiary maintained with any other Bank branch. There are two systems of Inter Bank Transfer - RTGS and NEFT. Both these systems are maintained by Reserve Bank of India.

1. RTGS [Real Time Gross Settlement] : This is a system where the processing of funds transfer instructions takes place at the time they are received (real time). Also the settlement of funds transfer instructions occurs individually on an instruction by instruction basis (gross settlement). RTGS is the fastest possible interbank money transfer facility available through secure banking channels in India.
2. NEFT [National Electronic Fund Transfer] : This system of fund transfer operates on a Deferred Net Settlement basis. Fund transfer transactions are settled in batches as opposed to the continuous, individual settlement in RTGS.

Q2. Are all bank branches in the country part of the NEFT funds transfer network?

Ans : For being part of the NEFT funds transfer network, a bank branch has to be NEFT- enabled.

Q3. Who can transfer funds using NEFT?

Ans : Individuals, firms or corporates maintaining accounts with a bank branch can transfer funds using NEFT. Even such individuals who do not have a bank account (walk-in customers) can also deposit cash at the NEFT-enabled branches with instructions to transfer funds using NEFT. However, such cash remittances will be restricted to a maximum of Rs.50,000/- per transaction. Such customers have to furnish full details including complete address, telephone number, etc.NEFT, thus, facilitates originators or remitters to initiate funds transfer transactions even without having a bank account.

Q4. Who can receive funds through the NEFT system?

Ans : Individuals, firms or corporates maintaining accounts with a bank branch can receive funds through the NEFT system. It is, therefore, necessary for the beneficiary to have an account with the NEFT enabled destination bank branch in the country.

The NEFT system also facilitates one-waycross-border transfer of funds from India to Nepal. This is known as the Indo-Nepal Remittance Facility Scheme. A remitter can transfer funds from any of the NEFT-enabled branches in to Nepal, irrespective of whether the beneficiary in Nepal maintains an account with a bank branch in Nepal or not. The beneficiary would receive funds in Nepalese Rupees. 

Q5. Is there any limit on the amount that could be transferred using NEFT?

Ans : No. There is no limit – either minimum or maximum – on the amount of funds that could be transferred using NEFT. However, maximum amount per transaction is limited to Rs.50,000/- for cash-based remittances and remittances to Nepal.

The RBI has not set a value for the maximum amount possible to be transferred using NEFT/RTGS/IMPS, but RBI allows banks to place per transaction limits based on their own risk perception with the approval of its Board. Visit your bank website to know the exact amount and charges.

Q6. Whether the system is centre specific or has any geographical restriction?

Ans : No. There is no restriction of centres or of any geographical area within the country. The NEFT system takes advantage of the core banking system in banks. Accordingly, the settlement of funds between originating and receiving banks takes places centrally at Mumbai, whereas the branches participating in NEFT can be located anywhere across the length and breadth of the country.

Q7. What is the mandatory information required to make an RTGS & NEFT payment?

Ans : For effecting an RTGS/NEFT remittance the remitter has to furnish the following information:

• Amount to be remitted.
• Remitting customer's account number which is to be debited
• Name of the beneficiary bank.
• Name of the beneficiary.
• Account number of the beneficiary.
• Sender to receiver information, if any
• IFSC code of the destination bank branch

Q8.  What are the charges for NEFT transfers ?

Ans : For NEFT and RTGS charges vary from bank to bank, but the RBI has set a maximum limit on what the banks can charge customers. Visit your bank website to see their charges.

 

Q9. How is IMPS different from NEFT ?

Ans : IMPS (Interbank Mobile Payment Service/Immediate Payment Service) is a mobile based payment mechanism introduced in 2010 by the National Payments Corporation of India [NPCI] to allow customers to transfer money instantly, facilitating instant remittance across multiple platforms.

 

Q10. How is RTGS different from NEFT ?

Ans : RTGS transactions are usually to transact in larger amounts in real time, the minimum amount required is Rs 2 lakhs and the maximum* amount is Rs 5 lakhs. RTGS transactions happen between banks in real time and on a gross basis. As this mechanism operates in real time, i.e sans any waiting period, and on a gross basis, i.e settled individually unlike in batches, it is the fastest way to transfer money electronically.

 

Process Followed in NEFT

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What is Income Tax | Assessment Year | FAQ

 

Q : What is Income Tax ? 

It is a tax imposed by the Government of India on anybody who earns income in India. This tax is levied on the strength of an Act called “Income tax Act” which was passed by the Parliament of India.

Q : What do you mean by income earned in India ? 

Income earned in India is not limited to income earned within the geographical limits or boundaries of the country. Certain incomes are also deemed to have been earned in India although they may have been earned outside the country.

Q : Who administers the Income-Tax Act ? 

The job of monitoring the Income-tax collection by the government is entrusted to a Department called “Income-Tax”. This department functions under the Department of Revenue, Ministry of Finance , Government of India.

Q : What is the period for which person's income is taken into account for purpose of Income tax? 

Income earned in the twelve months contained in the period from 1st April to 31st March (commonly called Financial Year [FY]) is taken into account for purposes of calculating Income Tax. Under the income tax Act this period is called a Previous year.

Q : What is an Assessment Year ? 

It is the twelve-month period 1st April to 31st March immediately following the previous year [refer answer-4]. In the Assessment year a person files his return for the income earned in the previous year. For example for FY: 2006-07 the AY is 2007-08.

Q : Who is supposed to pay Income Tax ? 

Any Individual or group of Individual or artificial bodies who/which have earned income during the previous years are required to pay Income tax on it. The IT Act recognizes the earners of income under seven [7] categories. Each category is called a Status . These are Individuals, Hindu Undivided Family [HUF], Association of Persons [AOP], Body of individuals [BOI], Firms, Companies, Local authority, Artificial juridical person.When Companies pay taxes under the Income tax Act it is called Corporate tax.

Q : Is Income tax Act applicable only to residents ? 

No, The Income tax Act applies to all persons who earn income in India. Whether they are resident or non-resident.

Q : Who is a resident ?

 If an individual stays in India for 182 days or more in a year, he is treated as resident in that year regardless of his citizenship. If the stay is less than 182 days he is a non-resident.

Q :  How can I know whether a company is resident or non-resident ?

 A company is considered as resident if it is incorporated under the Indian Companies Act. A foreign company can also become a resident if the control and management of its affairs is done entirely in India during the previous year.

Q : How is resident/ non-resident status relevant for levy of income tax ? 

In case of resident individuals and companies, their global income is taxable in India. However non-residents have to pay tax only on the income earned in India or from a source/activity in India.

Q : I am an Indian scientist, who had gone abroad on a government project. Should my return of income include income earned/received abroad ? 

It depends on your residential status. If you are a resident all incomes earned globally are taxable. Therefore the same needs to be included in the return. However if any tax is paid on that income in the foreign country, you will get credit for the same.

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Documentary (Hindi) - 60 years of Indian Parliament

Here presenting a documentary about the 60 years time span of Indian parliament. This video is uploaded
 on youtube by Rajya Sabha Tv YouTube Channel. A sincere thanks to them for this great content :
  

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American Political Parties | Democrats vs Republicans | Presidents' Detailed List

American Politics

There is nothing that has a greater impact on our lives, or the lives of our children, grandchildren, families, and relatives than who we choose to be the leaders of our country. Most United States Citizens cannot tell you the difference between the two major political parties: Republicans and Democrats.

The other major political parties in America are Libertarian Party, Green Party etc. Political Party affiliation is a quick way to find out the basic ideas and philosophy for each candidate, both Republicans and Democrats. Political affiliation can be used to understand the core beliefs of each candidate and there are significant differences between them.

This is because we hear people say there is no significant difference between the parties. Their cynicism shows in statements such as Democrats and Republicans are : - both corrupt - both are only interested in power - both pander to their constituencies - both make promises they don’t keep.

In addition, we sometimes also hear people say there is no need to learn about what the political parties stand for because in my family we have always been Democrats or we have always been Republicans. Furthermore, we sometimes also hear people say that the Democrats support the poor people and that the Republicans support the rich people.

Federalists : Political Parties of 18th century

Since late 18th century, there were only two political parties in America viz. Federalists and Republicans. The Federalist Party was the first American political party, from the early 1790s to 1816. The party was formed by Alexander Hamilton, who, during George Washington's first term, built a network of supporters, largely urban bankers and businessmen, to support his fiscal policies. Federalists favoured strong central government but loose interpretation of the Constitution. They encouraged commerce and manufacturing. The party was very strong in Northeast. They were in favour of close ties with Britain. They also emphasized the order and stability.

In contrast, Republicans at that time emphasized on states' rights ans strict interpretation of the Constitution. They gave preference to agriculture and rural life. Its strength was in South and West. Foreign policy was sympathized with France and stressed the civil liberties and trust in the people.

List of Political Parties with their Theories :

History of Democrats and Republicans

The Democratic-Republican Party was originally founded by Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, in 1792 to participate in elections against Federalist Party. Till 1831-32, they remained as Democratic-Republican Party but thereafter the Democrat Party came into existence causing a split in the Democratic-Republican Party, by a group known as the Jackson Democrats, named after Andrew Jackson. Shortly after that, the Democratic Party became the pro-slavery party. The Republican Party got its start back in 1854 with anti-slavery members breaking from Democratic Party (the largest party at the time) to form the Republican Party.

After the Civil war, during the time of Reconstruction, Democrats in the South not only intimidated both blacks and Republicans alike, they lynched them both. The void created by driving many Republicans out of the political arena, allowed Democrats to pass laws that restricted voting, and instituted the segregation of blacks, known as Jim Crow Laws in the South. Over theyears, both parties have changed to where today, they no longer reflect the ideals of their earlier roots.

Theory of Republicans

1. Republicans are generally considered conservative or traditionalists in their philosophy. 
2. Republicans believe that each person is responsible for his or her own place in society. Government should enable each person the ability to secure the benefits of society for themselves, their families and for those who are unable to care for themselves. 
3. The Republican philosophy is based on limiting the intervention of government as a catalyst of individual prosperity. Government should only intervene in specific cases where society cannot effectively act at the individual level. With the core belief that individual destiny should be in the individual’s hands, governmental power and resources should be kept close to the people, through their state and community leaders, and not centralized in distant federal government agencies. 
4. They believe that the country was founded by God on enduring principles that have created the opportunity for prosperity and an abundant life for its citizens. 
5. They believe that the United States has been a force for good in the world. They believe in smaller government, less federal control, and less government regulation. 
6. They believe that government closest to the people governs best. They believe in equal justice, individual rights, and responsibilities. 
7. They believe in providing educational opportunities to our children. They are committed to traditional morality–respect for life, strong families, and personal responsibility. They support religious symbols in public.

Democrats Theory

1. Democrats believe it is the responsibility of government to care for all individuals, even if it means giving up some individual rights and/or subordinating enterprise and initiative. 
2. Democrats are considered liberal or secular progressives. 
3. They believe in large government in which the majority of power is centralized in Washington, with only secondary consideration for the rights of both individuals and communities. 
4. Democrats have favored federal-level interventions that replace community-based solutions to community problems. These tactics have created several federal regulations and controls that are often in the hands of unelected bureaucrats, causing a severe erosion of local authority. 
5. They believe that a more socialist government is better. 
6. They believe in moral relativism and condemn religious symbols in public.

Detailed List of Presidents of America

 

President Name	Joined Office	Left Office	Party
George Washington	April 30, 1789	March 4, 1797	Independent
John Adams	March 4, 1797	March 4, 1801	Federalist
Thomas Jefferson	March 4, 1801	March 4, 1809	Democratic-Republican
James Madison	March 4, 1809	March 4, 1817	Democratic-Republican
James Monroe	March 4, 1817	March 4, 1825	Democratic-Republican
John Quincy Adams	March 4, 1825	March 4, 1829	Democratic-Republican
Andrew Jackson	March 4, 1829	March 4, 1837	Democratic
Martin Van Buren	March 4, 1837	March 4, 1841	Democratic
William Henry Harrison	March 4, 1841	April 4, 1841	Whig
John Tyler	April 4, 1841	March 4, 1845	Whig
James K. Polk	March 4, 1845	March 4, 1849	Democratic
Zachary Taylor	March 4, 1849	July 9, 1850	Whig
Millard Fillmore	July 9, 1850	March 4, 1853	Whig
Franklin Pierce	March 4, 1853	March 4, 1857	Democratic
James Buchanan	March 4, 1857	March 4, 1861	Democratic
Abraham Lincoln	March 4, 1861	April 15, 1865	Republican
Andrew Johnson	April 15, 1865	March 4, 1869	Democratic
Ulysses S. Grant	March 4, 1869	March 4, 1877	Republican
Rutherford B. Hayes	March 4, 1877	March 4, 1881	Republican
James A. Garfield	March 4, 1881	September 19, 1881	Republican
Chester A. Arthur	September 19, 1881	March 4, 1885	Republican
Grover Cleveland	March 4, 1885	March 4, 1889	Democratic
Benjamin Harrison	March 4, 1889	March 4, 1893	Republican
Grover Cleveland	March 4, 1893	March 4, 1897	Democratic
William McKinley	March 4, 1897	September 14, 1901	Republican
Theodore Roosevelt	September 14, 1901	March 4, 1909	Republican
William Howard Taft	March 4, 1909	March 4, 1913	Republican
Woodrow Wilson	March 4, 1913	March 4, 1921	Democratic
Warren G. Harding	March 4, 1921	August 2, 1923	Republican
Calvin Coolidge	August 2, 1923	March 4, 1929	Republican
Herbert Hoover	March 4, 1929	March 4, 1933	Republican
Franklin D. Roosevelt	March 4, 1933	April 12, 1945	Democratic
Harry S. Truman	April 12, 1945	January 20, 1953	Democratic
Dwight D. Eisenhower	January 20, 1953	January 20, 1961	Republican
John F. Kennedy	January 20, 1961	November 22, 1963	Democratic
Lyndon B. Johnson	November 22, 1963	January 20, 1969	Democratic
Richard Nixon	January 20, 1969	August 9, 1974	Republican
Gerald Ford	August 9, 1974	January 20, 1977	Republican
Jimmy Carter	January 20, 1977	January 20, 1981	Democratic
Ronald Reagan	January 20, 1981	January 20, 1989	Republican
George H. W. Bush	January 20, 1989	January 20, 1993	Republican
Bill Clinton	January 20, 1993	January 20, 2001	Democratic
George W. Bush	January 20, 2001	January 20, 2009	Republican
Barack Obama	January 20, 2009	Incumbent	Democratic

Detailed List of American Presidents :

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